checkpointing

At 16k GPUs something fails every few hours, Meta logged 466 interruptions in 54 days training Llama 3. The checkpoint-interval math, straggler detection, and automation that turn failures into a budget line instead of an emergency.

64 H100s for 30 days is a real budget with a real token count. The answer sizes the run from Chinchilla, picks parallelism for this exact cluster, and has a concrete plan for loss spikes and silent data corruption.