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When do you use long context, RAG, or prompt caching, and what are the failure modes of each?

Million-token windows didn't kill RAG; they changed when you reach for it. The decision rule that holds up in production, and the silent failure each option hides behind a confident answer.

Updated Aug 2026 · Grounded in real Forward Deployed Engineer interview loops and written to a senior-engineer editorial bar.

Million-token windows didn't kill RAG; they changed when you reach for it. The decision rule that holds up in production, and the silent failure each option hides behind a confident answer.

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